Definition:
“AIIE” (American Institute of Industrial Engineers) defines Industrial Engineering as “Concerned with the design, improvement & installation of integrated systems of people,materials,equipment & energy”.
Production:
Production is any process or procedure developed to transform a set of input elements like men, materials, capital, information and energy into a specified set of output like finished products & services in proper quantity & quality, thus achieving the objectives of an enterprise.
Productivity:
Productivity is defined as the ratio between Output & input.
Output means the amount produced or the number of items produced & inputs are the various resources employed. i.e; land & building, equipments & machinery, materials, labour etc.
Productivity = Actual Production / Standard Production
(or)
Productivity = Output / Input
Difference between Production & Productivity:
Production = 100 Pcs i.e; Quantity produced irrespective of inputs
Productivity = 100 Pcs (Output) for 10 Machines (Input)
= 100Pcs / 10 Mc
= 10 Pcs per Machine
ð Productivity = Rate of Pcs Produced Per Machine (Or any other input factor)
Some Important Formulas :
1. Machine Availability % = | Machine Available time x 100 % | |
| Total Machine Time | |
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2. Machine Utilization % = | Actual Running Time x 100 % = | No of M/C's Used X Working Hours X 100 % |
| Machine Available Time | Total Available Hours X Working Hours |
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3. Machine Efficiency % = | Standard Running Time x 100 % | |
| Actual Running Time | |
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4.Machine Effective Utilis % = | Standard Running Time x 100 % | |
| Machine Available Time |
WORKSTUDY / TIME STUDY / WORK MEASUREMENT:
Work Measurement may be defined as the application of different techniques to measure & establish the time required to complete a job by a qualified worker at a desired level of performance.
Operation analysis is a detailed study of different operations involved in doing a work.Operation analysis becomes necessary in order to investigate the short comings of the existing method & to develop an improved procedure.
ANALYSIS OF MOTION:
The purpose of motion analysis is to design an improved method which eliminates unnecessary motion & employs human efforts mor productively.
Steps involved in motion analysis are:
- Select the operation to be studied
- List & chart various motions performen ny the operator.
- Identify the Produtive & Idle motions
- Eliminate the unnecessary & non productive motions
- Redesign the existing operating procedure by employing minimum number of motions in the most appropriate sequence & in accordance with the principles of motion economy.
THERBLIGS:
Therbligs was suggested by F.B.Gilberth.Therbligs are used to describe the basic elements of movements or fundamental hand motions of the work cycle.Every therblig is represented by a symbol, a definite colour and with a word or two to record the same .
For example;therblig Grasp has the symbol “U”, Red colour & is denoted by the word “G”
For Example.,
Macroscopic motion | Microscopic Motion(Therbligs) |
1.Operation of Picking up a screw driver | 1.Reach havd for Screw driver(Transport empty) |
2.Grasp the same (Grasp) | |
3.Take away the Screw driver(Transport Loaded) |
(Refer Industrial Engineering & Management by O.P.Khanna,Page no 9.16 for Symbols List)
very informative
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