PERFORMANCE RATING:

PERFORMANCE RATING:

                 Rating means gauging & comparing the pace or the performance of worker against the standard performance level set by the timestudy engineer.

Standard Performance is the rate of output which qualified worker will naturally achieve without over exertion as an average over the working day or shift,provided,they knoe and there to specified method and provided they are motivated to apply themselves to their work.

Rating Scale (British Standard)
	Description	Comparable Walking Speed (Miles/hr)
0	No Activity	0
50	Very Slow,clumsy,fumbling movements,operater appears half asleep,with no intrest in the job	2
75	Steady,deliberate,unhurried performance as of a worker not on piecework but under proper supervision,looks slow,but time is not being intentionally wasted  under observation,called as DAYWORK STANDARD	3
100(Standard Rating)	Brisk Business like performance,as of an average qualified worker on PIECEWORK;necessary standard of quality & accuracy achieved with confidence	4
125	Very Fast;operater exhibits a high degree of assurance,dexterity and coordination of movement well above that of an average qualified trained worker	5
150	Exceptionally fast,requires intense effort and concentration,and is unlikely to be kept up for long periods;as a"virtuoso" performance achieved only by a few outstanding workers	6
Standard Rating (100) is a normal man of average height and physique,unladen,walking on a straight line without obstructions achieving 4 miles/hour
Reference: Introduction to Work Study, edited by George Kanawaty, International Labour Office ,Geneva

As per the above table ;  Piecework standard = 4 miles/hr

                                              Daywork standard = 3 miles/hr

Therefore, % of increase of daywork over piecework =4/3 = 1.33 (1/0.75) or 33.33%.

Therefore Daywork Standard time= Piecework standard time + 33.33 % = Piecework standard X 1.33

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF RATING:

1. Speed Rating,

2. Skill & Effort Rating,

3. Westing House system of Rating,

4. Synthetic Rating,

5. Objective Rating and

6. Physiological  evaluation of Performance level.

WORKSTUDY / TIME STUDY / WORK MEASUREMENT:

TIME STUDY / WORK MEASUREMENT:

 Work Measurement may be defined as the application of different techniques to measure & establish the time required to complete a job by a qualified worker at a desired level of performance.

Operation analysis is a detailed study of different operations involved in doing a work.Operation analysis becomes necessary in order to investigate the short comings of the existing method & to develop an improved procedure.

ANALYSIS OF MOTION:

    The purpose of motion analysis is to design an improved method which eliminates unnecessary motion & employs human efforts mor productively.

Steps involved in motion analysis are:

1. Select the operation to be studied
2. List & chart various motions performance the operator.
3. Identify the Productive & Idle motions
4. Eliminate the unnecessary & non productive motions
5. Redesign the existing operating procedure by employing minimum number of motions in the most appropriate sequence & in accordance with the principles of motion economy.

STANDARD TIME:

                            Standard Time may be defined as the amount of time required to complete a unit of work under existing conditions, using the specified method & machinery, by an operator able to do the work in a proper manner and at a standard pace.

OT	PRF	PA	RPA	SA	POA
Normal Time		Allowances %
Standard Time

OT- Observed Time

PRF - Performance Rating Factor

PA- Process Allowances

SA - Special Allownces

POA - Policy allowances

Standard Time = (Average Observed Time X Rating %)+Allowances %

Normal Time = (Average Observed Time X Rating %)

ð     Standard Time = Normal Time + Allowances % => N.T + (NT X Allow % /100)

Example:

Calculate the Standard time with the given information:  Average Observed time = 2 min; Rating % = 50 % , Allowances = 15 %

Sol:

      Std Time =Normal time + Allowance %

Normal time = Average Observed Time X Rating %

                       = 2 X 0.5 = 1 min

Standard time = 1 min + 15% =1+0.15 = 1.15 min

Time Study Form
Product:			Time Study Engineer:
Operation:			Date:
Description :
Sl No	Observed Time Stopwatch Reading (Min)	Rating Factor %	Normal Time (min)	Allowance %	Standard Time (min)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
			Average Standard Time=

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (General Concepts)

Definition:

                    “AIIE” (American Institute of Industrial Engineers) defines Industrial Engineering as  “Concerned with the design, improvement & installation of integrated systems of people,materials,equipment & energy”.

Production: 

                     Production is any process or procedure developed to transform a set of input elements like men, materials, capital, information and energy into a specified set of output like finished products & services in proper quantity & quality, thus achieving the objectives of an enterprise.

Productivity:

                      Productivity is defined as the ratio between Output & input.

        Output means the amount produced or the number of items produced & inputs are the various resources employed. i.e; land & building, equipments & machinery, materials, labour etc.

               Productivity = Actual Production / Standard Production

                                                       (or)

                Productivity = Output / Input

Difference between Production & Productivity:

                  Production = 100 Pcs i.e; Quantity produced irrespective of inputs

                  Productivity = 100 Pcs (Output) for 10 Machines (Input)

                                          = 100Pcs / 10 Mc

                                          = 10 Pcs per Machine

ð     Productivity = Rate of Pcs Produced Per Machine (Or any other input factor)

Some Important Formulas :

 

                 

1. Machine Availability % =	Machine Available time   x 100 %
	Total Machine Time
2. Machine Utilization % =	Actual Running Time  x 100 %       =	No of M/C's Used X Working Hours  X 100 %
	Machine Available Time	Total Available Hours X Working Hours
3. Machine Efficiency % =	Standard Running Time  x 100 %
	Actual Running Time

                

4.Machine Effective Utilis % =	Standard Running Time  x 100 %
	Machine Available Time

              

WORKSTUDY / TIME STUDY / WORK MEASUREMENT:

 Work Measurement may be defined as the application of different techniques to measure & establish the time required to complete a job by a qualified worker at a desired level of performance.

Operation analysis is a detailed study of different operations involved in doing a work.Operation analysis becomes necessary in order to investigate the short comings of the existing method & to develop an improved procedure.

ANALYSIS OF MOTION:

    The purpose of motion analysis is to design an improved method which eliminates unnecessary motion & employs human efforts mor productively.

Steps involved in motion analysis are:

1. Select the operation to be studied
2. List & chart various motions performen ny the operator.
3. Identify the Produtive & Idle motions
4. Eliminate the unnecessary & non productive motions
5. Redesign the existing operating procedure by employing minimum number of motions in the most appropriate sequence & in accordance with the principles of motion economy.

THERBLIGS:

       Therbligs was suggested by F.B.Gilberth.Therbligs are used to describe the basic elements of movements or fundamental hand motions of the work cycle.Every therblig is represented by a symbol, a definite colour and with a word or two to record the same .

For example;therblig Grasp has the symbol “U”, Red colour & is denoted by the word “G”

For Example.,

Macroscopic motion	Microscopic Motion(Therbligs)
1.Operation of Picking up a screw driver	1.Reach havd for Screw driver(Transport empty)
	2.Grasp the same (Grasp)
	3.Take away the Screw driver(Transport Loaded)

(Refer Industrial Engineering & Management by O.P.Khanna,Page no 9.16 for Symbols List)