INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (General Concepts)

Definition:

                    “AIIE” (American Institute of Industrial Engineers) defines Industrial Engineering as  “Concerned with the design, improvement & installation of integrated systems of people,materials,equipment & energy”.

Production: 

                     Production is any process or procedure developed to transform a set of input elements like men, materials, capital, information and energy into a specified set of output like finished products & services in proper quantity & quality, thus achieving the objectives of an enterprise.

Productivity:

                      Productivity is defined as the ratio between Output & input.

        Output means the amount produced or the number of items produced & inputs are the various resources employed. i.e; land & building, equipments & machinery, materials, labour etc.

               Productivity = Actual Production / Standard Production

                                                       (or)

                Productivity = Output / Input

Difference between Production & Productivity:

                  Production = 100 Pcs i.e; Quantity produced irrespective of inputs

                  Productivity = 100 Pcs (Output) for 10 Machines (Input)

                                          = 100Pcs / 10 Mc

                                          = 10 Pcs per Machine

ð     Productivity = Rate of Pcs Produced Per Machine (Or any other input factor)

Some Important Formulas :

 

                 

1. Machine Availability % =	Machine Available time   x 100 %
	Total Machine Time
2. Machine Utilization % =	Actual Running Time  x 100 %       =	No of M/C's Used X Working Hours  X 100 %
	Machine Available Time	Total Available Hours X Working Hours
3. Machine Efficiency % =	Standard Running Time  x 100 %
	Actual Running Time

                

4.Machine Effective Utilis % =	Standard Running Time  x 100 %
	Machine Available Time

              

WORKSTUDY / TIME STUDY / WORK MEASUREMENT:

 Work Measurement may be defined as the application of different techniques to measure & establish the time required to complete a job by a qualified worker at a desired level of performance.

Operation analysis is a detailed study of different operations involved in doing a work.Operation analysis becomes necessary in order to investigate the short comings of the existing method & to develop an improved procedure.

ANALYSIS OF MOTION:

    The purpose of motion analysis is to design an improved method which eliminates unnecessary motion & employs human efforts mor productively.

Steps involved in motion analysis are:

1. Select the operation to be studied
2. List & chart various motions performen ny the operator.
3. Identify the Produtive & Idle motions
4. Eliminate the unnecessary & non productive motions
5. Redesign the existing operating procedure by employing minimum number of motions in the most appropriate sequence & in accordance with the principles of motion economy.

THERBLIGS:

       Therbligs was suggested by F.B.Gilberth.Therbligs are used to describe the basic elements of movements or fundamental hand motions of the work cycle.Every therblig is represented by a symbol, a definite colour and with a word or two to record the same .

For example;therblig Grasp has the symbol “U”, Red colour & is denoted by the word “G”

For Example.,

Macroscopic motion	Microscopic Motion(Therbligs)
1.Operation of Picking up a screw driver	1.Reach havd for Screw driver(Transport empty)
	2.Grasp the same (Grasp)
	3.Take away the Screw driver(Transport Loaded)

(Refer Industrial Engineering & Management by O.P.Khanna,Page no 9.16 for Symbols List)